A thoroughgoing portrait of the war in Ukraine written by an eye-witness – an excellent reporter and political scientist
A thoroughgoing portrait of the war in Ukraine written by an eye-witness – an excellent reporter and political scientist
(For excerpt in Spanish, please, scroll down)
At the beginning of April, I spoke to residents of Bucha about what occurred before the Russians moved out. Many of them didn’t answer honestly. As though they didn’t believe that Ukraine had returned permanently. Or that they were denying what had happened there.
“The first Russians in the city weren’t interested in civilians,” said a fifty-year-old man. They were only suspicious of men of conscription age, of whom there were few. They fired shots into the air when they saw destitute people stealing from shops. The new ones, however, took revenge for the column of tanks destroyed in Vokzalna Street. “They shot at everybody. They said they were acting on orders. They looted shops, stealing alcohol. The first Russians didn’t drink.”
There were soldiers from special units and paratroopers in the first attack on Bucha. Some witnesses reported that before the withdrawal and the arrival of troops from Khabarovsk Krai in the Russian Far East, they warned that the situation would get worse. “While at the beginning, local tramps were looting shops, later the Russians themselves began stealing alcohol. The army was aggressive. There was no point getting into any kind of discussion with them. They terrorised the town. They were looting,” said another resident of Bucha, confirming earlier reports.
At the beginning of April, just after the liberation, in a recording uploaded to the internet about the systematic looting, the same bearded man known for talking about “fucked-up Russky shit” addressed the camera. “Greetings, honourable Polish nation. The day before yesterday the Russkies left the town of Bucha. And in my commander’s flat in a multi-story, nine-story block. The doors are all open. They broke in and every flat was looted. They also stole everything from my commander. Expensive and cheap stuff. They couldn’t take the television, so they destroyed it. smashed it up with a rifle. Marauders. […] All they did was loot the flat. […] I wonder why Russia exists at all? […] I don’t even know how much in war reparations they’ll have to pay to Ukraine.”
At the beginning of April, people slowly began to realise the scale of the crimes. Looting turned out to be of minor importance. One of the residents of Bucha told me that twenty-six locations were counted where either dead bodies were found or mass graves were discovered. All of this in a town which at the beginning of the twentieth century was a summer resort for people from Kyiv, associated with the smell of coniferous trees, summer cottages, Turkish baths and shashliks.
The Russians killed without a clear principle. They even murdered the pro-Kremlin candidate for the 2004 Ukrainian presidency, Oleksandr Rzhavsky, who was born in Kramatorsk in the Donetsk province. The politician was famous for participation in electoral stunts targeted against the pro-Western Viktor Yushchenko. It concerned adding political groups associated with the party Our Ukraine to his list of supporters with the aim of misleading voters. Rzhavsky enjoyed little support, but announced that if he was elected head of state he would introduce into Ukraine the same regime as Vladimir Putin had in Russia. On 27 March 2022 he was killed, shot by soldiers of the 64th Motorised Rifle Brigade in his own home. Putin – whom Rzhavsky had been fascinated by his whole life – honoured the artillerymen of Bucha with distinctions “for heroism and valour”. All as part of the criminal principle which forces people to be faithful and loyal in the face of jointly criminal enterprises. On 13 February 2022, less than two weeks before the war, Rzhavsky had written a text in Russian, which he posted on his Facebook page:
“During the Second World War, soldiers occupying our state talked in a different, incomprehensible language. They had an alien history and culture. Most importantly, they proclaimed the murder of Slavs, Jews, Roma and many other nations in their doctrine. […] The mass executions of civilians. They killed children […] They poisoned millions in gas chambers. […] Even in those conditions some people remained on their own land. Today, are we also to expect such a form of occupation? Why didn’t the Russian Federation behave like the Fascists in annexed Crimea?”
The soldiers of the 64th Brigade gave him his answer. The Russians in Bucha imprisoned and tortured people. They carried out sham executions and really did kill. Multiple victims were found in the streets holding shopping bags – those people had simply gone outside to find something to eat. Some of the bodies had been burned to cover up the evidence. But it turned out it was done unprofessionally. It was possible to establish all the facts.
It was amateurish to leave electronic equipment with computer files on them which would permit the identification of the perpetrators in the military quarters in Bucha. On the basis of the data, Dmytro Replianchuk from the online agency Slidtsvo.info found the social media profiles of the soldiers who had been active in the city.
Translated by David French
***
EL DESAYUNO HUELE A CADÁVER. UCRANIA EN LA GUERRA.
A principios de abril hablé con los habitantes de Bucha de lo que había sucedido antes de la salida de los rusos. Pocos se mostraron sinceros. Como si no creyeran que Ucrania había vuelto para quedarse. O como si trataran de apartar de su mente todo lo que allí había ocurrido.
“Los primeros rusos en llegar a la ciudad no se interesaban por los civiles” –contaba un hombre de unos cincuenta años. Solamente eran desconfiados con la gente en la edad del servicio militar, que eran pocos. Disparaban al aire cuando veían a la chusma saqueando las tiendas. Sin embargo, cuando vinieron los nuevos se vengaron por la columna mecanizada quemada en la calle Wokzalna. “Esos disparaban a todos. Decían que cumplían órdenes. Ellos mismos saqueaban las tiendas, robaban alcohol. Los rusos que habían venido primero no bebían”.
En la primera fase, Rusia envió a Bucha a los soldados de unidades especiales y fuerzas aerotransportadas rusas. Algunos de los testigos afirmaban que antes de retirarse y antes de la llegada de las fuerzas del Lejano Oriente, del Krai de Jabárovsk, los que habían sido primeros avisaron de que la situación empeoraría mucho. “Mientras que al principio eran delincuentes locales los que desvalijaban las tiendas, después eran los rusos los que robaban el alcohol. El ejército era agresivo. No tenía sentido discutir con ellos por nada. Aterrorizaban la ciudad. Saqueaban” –contó otro habitante de Bucha, confirmando así las informaciones recibidas antes.
A principios de abril, poco después de la liberación, en una grabación colgada en las redes que muestra saqueos, habló el mismo hombre barbudo, el que había dicho lo de la “mierda rusa ”. “Hola, estimados señores polacos. Anteayer los rusos abandonaron Bucha. Mi comandante tiene un piso en un rascacielos; diecinueve plantas. El piso está abierto. Rompieron las puertas y desvalijaron todas las casas. A mi comandante también le quitaron todo. Lo caro y lo barato. No se llevaron la tele porque la habían destrozado a culatazos. Takije marudjory. […] No hicieron nada, solo robaron las casas. […] ¿Por qué existe Rusia? No lo sé. […] ¿Cuantas reparaciones tendrá que pagar a Ucrania? Tampoco lo sé”.
Desde principios de abril poco a poco todos fueron dándose cuenta de la escalada de los crímenes. Los saqueos resultaron ser un mal menor. Uno de los habitantes de Bucha afirma que fueron localizados veintiséis lugares con cuerpos enterrados, y se encontraron fosas y tumbas colectivas. Todo ello en la misma ciudad cercana a Kiev, lugar de veraneo por excelencia desde principios del siglo XX, siempre asociada con el aroma de los pinos, las segundas residencias, las saunas y los pinchos morunos.
Los rusos mataban sin un método claro. Asesinaron también a Ołeksander Rżawski , candidato a presidente de Ucrania en 2004, favorable al Kremlin y nacido en Kramatorsk, una localidad situada en la región de Donieck. El político se hizo famoso por sus jugadas electorales dirigidas contra el candidato prooccidental Viktor Juszczenko. Se trataba de introducir en las listas una formación que podía ser erróneamente relacionada con el partido Nuestra Ucrania, para confundir a los electores. Rżawski tenía poco apoyo pero prometía realizar en Ucrania los mismos cambios que había hecho Vladimir Putin en Rusia, si llegaba a presidente del país. El 27 de marzo de 2022 Rżawski murió en su propia casa por disparos de los soldados de la 64 Brigada Independiente de Fusileros Motorizados. Putin, que tanto fascinaba a Rżawski, condecoró a sus Fusileros de Bucha con una medalla “por su heroicidad y valentía”. Todo conforme a la krugova poruca, una norma criminal que obliga a ser leal y solidario frente al crimen cometido en conjunto. El 13 de febrero de 2022, apenas dos semanas antes de la guerra, Rżawski publicó en su perfil en Facebook un texto en ruso:
“Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial los soldados que ocupaban nuestro país hablaban en un idioma incomprensible. Tenían una historia y una cultura ajenas. Lo más importante de su doctrina era asesinar a todos los eslavos, judíos, gitanos y gente de muchas otras naciones. […] Fusilaban masivamente a la población civil. Mataban a niños […] Envenenaban a miles de personas en las cámaras de gas. […] Pero incluso en aquellas condiciones parte de los ciudadanos permaneció en su tierra. ¿También hoy hemos de esperar esta forma de ocupación? ¿Por qué la Federación Rusa en la Crimea anexada no se comportó como los fascistas?”.
La respuesta le llegó de las manos de los soldados de la 64 Brigada. Los rusos en Bucha detenían y torturaban. Organizaban ejecuciones fingidas y mataban de verdad. Muchas víctimas fueron encontradas en la calle, con bolsas de compra en la mano: simplemente habían salido de casa para conseguir algo de comer. Muchos cuerpos fueron quemados para borrar huellas, aunque con poca profesionalidad, como se pudo determinar después.
Al abandonar el acuartelamiento militar en Bucha dejaron los equipos electrónicos, archivos de ordenador incluidos, que permitieron identificar a los culpables. Basándose en estos datos, Dmytro Repliańczuk, redactor de Slidtsvo.info encontró en las redes sociales los perfiles de los soldados, oficiales incluidos, que habían actuado en la ciudad.
***
Traducción: Elżbieta Bortkiewicz
Selected samples
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