Essay
Zdzisław Kranodębski
The Curtain Raised

Deliberations on previously unasked questions about the “invisible wall” between Eastern and Western Europe

Essay
Zdzisław Kranodębski
The Curtain Raised

Deliberations on previously unasked questions about the “invisible wall” between Eastern and Western Europe

(For excerpt in Spanish, please, scroll down)

The Goodness of Europe and the Evil of this World

A striking feature of our times is that we are dealing with two extremely opposing views of contemporary Europe’s spiritual health. On the one hand, we hear that we are categorically living in a wonderful period, perhaps even the best of the continent’s history so far. Integrated thanks to the founding and continuous development of the EU, Europe has achieved the greatest manifestation of its political existence. Inscribed on the standards of the EU are: human rights, the defeat of nationalism, peace, freedom, tolerance, the economic cohesion of the regions and economic growth. And it is successfully achieving its goals. The states of Europe cooperate with one another, rather than fight. They are jointly developing in economic terms. The EU is also convinced it is a pioneer in saving the planet from global warming, and its battle against cruelty impacts not just people, but all living creatures. The EU is ready to bring help to the needy, and also to set global standards. What’s more, it teaches a critical attitude towards the past. Various groups of “disenfranchised” and disadvantaged people are gaining social recognition. Even language is changing in order not to hurt those individuals who until now have been persecuted, reviled, condemned or mistreated. This iteration of “Europe” has become a civilisational and moral role model for other parts of the world, testified to by the inflow of immigrants to it.

Supporters of this diagnosis don’t deny that difficulties and problems still occur and that crises do appear. But they result from the fact that integration is not yet rigorous enough, that the self interests of individual states still prevail – even worse; from time to time the demons of the past rise up: nationalism, populism and even fascism. In some states, the possibility of regress and violations of the rule of law still exist. In addition, the external world, beyond Europe’s borders, is stubborn and doesn’t want to follow in Europe’s footsteps, either in climate policy, in the demand for secularisation and the separation of state from religion, or in moral ideals, such as the equality of “sexual minorities”. “Europe” – both EU institutions and member states – are forced for the sake of economic and political interests to turn a blind eye to departures from its values and ideals, and yield to force. The optimists are, however, convinced that the world will sooner or later choose a similar path to the EU. And although they still do not follow – in spite of the actions of the European Commission, in spite of successive resolutions taken by the European Parliament – hope hasn’t faded that it is only temporary resistance, a temporary deviation, regression, or that other parts of the world haven’t yet caught up with Europe.

Until recently, it was expected that Russia and China would soon both follow the course laid out by the EU. Meanwhile, in spite of those hopes, Russia has begun another war, this time one that cannot be ignored, because it is being waged close to the EU border and carried out on too great a scale, before the eyes of the world. Optimism regarding China has also turned out to be premature. For this reason, hope has somewhat faded. In spite of this, the conviction that the world will manifest the values which the EU enshrines has remained unshakeable. Challenges merely show that there is a need for “more Europe”, more joint activities. For that reason, too, the EU cannot tolerate dissent within its ranks. For that reason, tough measures must necessarily be taken against Poland and Hungary, which, owing to the politics and ideological direction the governments of the two countries have chosen, openly contradict that historiosophy. Thus, the EU – despite proclaiming freedom and tolerance as key values – cannot permit that in the public sphere and in particular in politics significant influence will be acquired by those who so reject this view of history and that anthropology.

According to the other diagnosis, it is quite the opposite. We live in an epoch of great risk and crisis, and even decline, collapse, decadence, the suicide of Europe. Such a thesis has been or is being proclaimed by, for example, Roger Scruton, Michel Onfray, Michel Houellebecq, David Engels, Bronisław Wildstein and Ryszard Legutko. These writers also have powerful empirical arguments regarding their thesis – the collapse of communities, the relativisation of norms – or simply nihilism, the breaking up of the family, the loss of national communities, the growing threat to freedom of speech and academic freedom, cancel culture, the brutalisation of language, aggression, hate campaigns, genetic engineering, the spread of perversion, the legalisation of abortion and euthanasia, child trafficking, etc.

How are these two utterly opposing diagnoses possible? Which of the two descriptions is true? Neither side is lacking in arguments. Is the optimistic assessment of the contemporary world utterly wrong? For if we don’t idealise the past, it’s easy to see plenty of positive sides of our times. Even in the reasonably peaceful period at the turn of the twentieth century, life was hard in a country as developed and wealthy as France. Contrary to the pessimists, one can put forward the argument that apocalyptic predictions are nothing new and they haven’t come true so far, in fact it’s the opposite: we live better and more easily than we used to.

 

Translated by David French

***

SE ALZA EL TELÓN

Una llamativa característica de nuestros tiempos es que nos encontramos con dos valoraciones totalmente opuestas de la situación espiritual de la Europa de nuestros días. Por un lado nos dicen que vivimos en una época indudablemente buena.

¡Bah! Es la mejor de la historia del continente hasta la fecha. Integrada gracias a la aparición y al continuo desarrollo de la Unión, Europa ha alcanzado la mejor forma de su existencia política. Lleva en sus estandartes los derechos humanos, la victoria sobre el nacionalismo, la paz, la libertad, la tolerancia, la cohesión económica de las regiones y el desarrollo económico. Y realiza estos objetivos con eficacia. Los estados europeos colaboran en lugar de luchar unos con otros. Su desarrollo económico es solidario. La unión es también, según pregona, pionera en la lucha por salvar el planeta del calentamiento del clima y su batalla contra la crueldad no sólo abarca a las personas sino también a todo ser vivo. La Unión Europea está dispuesta a llevar ayuda a los necesitados y también a definir cuáles han de ser los estándares globales. También enseña a mirar con ojos críticos al pasado. Nuevos grupos de “excluidos” y agraviados logran el reconocimiento social. Cambia incluso el lenguaje para no herir a quienes hasta ahora habían sido perseguidos, despreciados, condenados o maltratados. Esta “Europa” se ha convertido en un modelo civilizacional y moral para otras partes del mundo, cosa que atestiguan oleadas de inmigrantes. (…)

Según el segundo diagnóstico la situación es completamente distinta. Vivimos en una época en la que la supervivencia de Europa está amenazada, una era de crisis, e incluso de ruina, desunión y decadencia, un suicidio de Europa. Es la tesis que exponían o exponen Roger Scruton, Michel Onfray, Michel Huellebecq, David Engels, Bronisław Wildstein y Ryszard Legutko, entre otros. Dichos autores también tienen argumentos empíricos de peso que sostienen su opinión –la descomposición de las comunidades, la relativización de las normas o incluso el nihilismo, la desintegración de la familia, la pérdida de la nacionalidad, las crecientes amenazas a la libertad de expresión y la libertad académica, la cultura de la invalidación, el embrutecimiento del lenguaje, la agresividad, las campañas de odio, la ingeniería biológica, la propagación de la perversión, la legalización del aborto y la eutanasia, la compraventa de niños, etc.
¿Cómo pueden existir al mismo tiempo dos diagnósticos completamente opuestos? ¿Cuál de estas descripciones es la verdadera? (…)
¿Qué hacer entonces con estas dos valoraciones? Pues bien, podemos afirmar que se trata sólo de dos valoraciones distintas de los hechos que han sido realizadas desde dos sistemas de valores opuestos y que lo que para unos es progreso, para los otros es destrucción. A veces, en situaciones particulares, estas dos valoraciones convergen –así ocurrió durante la pandemia, cuando en las manifestaciones contra las vacunaciones se dieron la mano la extrema derecha y la extrema izquierda.
Pero la cuestión es mucho más compleja. ¿Y si fueran sólo dos caras de la misma moneda? ¿Y si justamente ese bien, ese imperativo de combatir todo mal que manifiestan los optimistas euroentusiastas, esa encarnación incondicional de los valores, que en principio aprueban también los eurorrealistas, conlleva la aparición de todos esos fenómenos de los que escriben los pesimistas? ¿Cómo es eso posible? (…)
Contrariamente a lo que muchos opinan, pienso que el estado actual de Europa, o más ampliamente, de Occidente, no ha sido causado por el nihilismo, el cinismo o la decadencia de la moralidad, sino por la hipermoralidad; no es una ruptura con el pasado de Europa, sino una transformación del cristianismo y de la cultura europea empapada por aquél.

Traduccion: Higinio J. Paterna Sánchez

Selected samples

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Julita Deluga
Wojtek Wawszczyk, Tomasz Leśniak
121344
Anna Kańtoch
Andrzej Bobkowski
Wisława Szymborska
Zdzisław Kranodębski
Andrzej Nowak
Wiesław Myśliwski
Jarosław Jakubowski
Anna Piwkowska
Roman Honet
Miłosz Biedrzycki
Wojciech Chmielewski
Aleksandra Majdzińska
Tomasz Różycki
Maciej Hen
Jakub Nowak
Elżbieta Cherezińska
歐菈·沃丹斯卡-波欽斯卡(Ola Woldańska-Płocińska)
作者:沃伊切赫·維德瓦克(Wojciech Widłak), 插圖:亞歷珊德拉·克珊諾夫斯卡(Aleksandra Krzanowska)
文字:莫妮卡·烏特尼-斯特魯加瓦(Monika Utnik-Strugała), 概念和插圖:皮歐特·索哈(Piotr Socha)
作者:亞格涅絲卡·斯特爾馬什克(Agnieszka Stelmaszyk)
尤安娜·日斯卡(Joanna Rzyska)、阿嘉妲·杜德克(Agata Dudek)、瑪格熱妲·諾瓦克(Małgorzata Nowak) Druganoga出版社,華沙2021
艾麗莎·皮歐特夫斯卡(Eliza Piotrowska)
米科瓦伊·帕辛斯基(Mikołaj Pasiński)、瑪格熱妲·赫爾巴(Gosia Herba)
歐菈·沃丹斯卡-波欽斯卡(Ola Woldańska-Płocińska)
瑪麗安娜·奧克雷亞克(Marianna Oklejak)
拉法爾·科希克(Rafał Kosik)
亞歷珊德拉·沃丹斯卡-波欽斯卡(Aleksandra Woldańska-Płocińska)
巴托米耶·伊格納邱克(Bartłomiej Ignaciuk), 阿嘉塔·洛特-伊格納邱克(Agata Loth-Ignaciuk)
文字和插圖:皮歐特·卡爾斯基(Piotr Karski)
文字和插圖:皮歐特·卡爾斯基(Piotr Karski)
羅珊娜·延澤耶夫斯卡-弗魯貝爾 (Roksana Jędrzejewska-Wróbel)
作者:普舎米斯瓦夫·維赫特洛維奇(Przemysław Wechterowicz) 插圖:艾米莉·吉烏巴克(Emilia Dziubak)
尤斯提娜·貝納雷(Justyna Bednarek) 插圖:丹尼爾·德拉圖爾(Daniel De Latour)
尤安娜·巴托西克(Joanna Bartosik)
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Jan Kochanowski
Jarosław Marek Rymkiewicz
Olga Tokarczuk
Władysław Stanisław Reymont
An Ancient Tale
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Elżbieta Cherezińska
Henryk Sienkiewicz
Maria Dąbrowska
Stefan Żeromski
Bronisław Wildstein
Zbigniew Herbert / Wisława Szymborska
Karol Wojtyła
Wiesław Myśliwski
Czesław Miłosz
Anna Świrszczyńska / Melchior Wańkowicz
Tadeusz Borowski / Gustaw Herling-Grudziński
Wiesław Helak
Góra Tabor
Adriana Szymańska
Paweł Rzewuski
Mariusz Staniszewski
Staniszewski_Kartel
Radek Rak
Agla
Urszula Honek
Honek
Kazimierz Orłoś
Orlos
Rafał Wojasiński
Tefil
Antonina Grzegorzewska
Grzegorzewska_drama
Józef Mackiewicz
Mackiewicz_Sprawa
Tobiasz Piątkowski, Marek Oleksicki
Piatkowski_Oleksicki_Ekspozytura
Daniel Odija
Bronisław Wildstein
Józef Mackiewicz
Mackiewicz_Droga
Józef Mackiewicz
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Andrzej Muszyński
Muszynski_Dom-ojcow
Wiesław Helak
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Bartosz Jastrzębski
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Dariusz Sośnicki
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Łukasz Orbitowski
Orbitowski_chodz
Jakub Małecki
Malecki_SO
אנדז'יי ספקובסקי
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Wiesław Myśliwski
Jakub Małecki
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Jacek Dukaj
Wit Szostak
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Wojciech Kudyba
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Anna Piwkowska
Dominika Słowik
Wojciech Chmielewski
Barbara Banaś
Rafał Mikołajczyk
Jerzy Szymik
Waldemar Bawołek
Julia Fiedorczuk
Jakub Szamałek
Witold Szabłowski
Jacek Dukaj
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Andrzej Strumiłło

69

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Hubert Klimko-Dobrzaniecki
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Jakub Małecki
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Łukasz Orbitowski
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Małgorzata Rejmer
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Rafał Wojasiński
Olanda
Wojciech Kudyba
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Włodzimierz Bolecki
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Jerzy Liebert
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Wojciech Zembaty
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Wojciech Chmielarz
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Bogdan Musiał
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Joanna Siedlecka
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Jarosław Marek Rymkiewicz
Marek Bieńczyk
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Leszek Elektorowicz
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Wacław Holewiński
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