Deliberations on previously unasked questions about the “invisible wall” between Eastern and Western Europe
Deliberations on previously unasked questions about the “invisible wall” between Eastern and Western Europe
(For excerpt in Spanish, please, scroll down)
The Goodness of Europe and the Evil of this World
A striking feature of our times is that we are dealing with two extremely opposing views of contemporary Europe’s spiritual health. On the one hand, we hear that we are categorically living in a wonderful period, perhaps even the best of the continent’s history so far. Integrated thanks to the founding and continuous development of the EU, Europe has achieved the greatest manifestation of its political existence. Inscribed on the standards of the EU are: human rights, the defeat of nationalism, peace, freedom, tolerance, the economic cohesion of the regions and economic growth. And it is successfully achieving its goals. The states of Europe cooperate with one another, rather than fight. They are jointly developing in economic terms. The EU is also convinced it is a pioneer in saving the planet from global warming, and its battle against cruelty impacts not just people, but all living creatures. The EU is ready to bring help to the needy, and also to set global standards. What’s more, it teaches a critical attitude towards the past. Various groups of “disenfranchised” and disadvantaged people are gaining social recognition. Even language is changing in order not to hurt those individuals who until now have been persecuted, reviled, condemned or mistreated. This iteration of “Europe” has become a civilisational and moral role model for other parts of the world, testified to by the inflow of immigrants to it.
Supporters of this diagnosis don’t deny that difficulties and problems still occur and that crises do appear. But they result from the fact that integration is not yet rigorous enough, that the self interests of individual states still prevail – even worse; from time to time the demons of the past rise up: nationalism, populism and even fascism. In some states, the possibility of regress and violations of the rule of law still exist. In addition, the external world, beyond Europe’s borders, is stubborn and doesn’t want to follow in Europe’s footsteps, either in climate policy, in the demand for secularisation and the separation of state from religion, or in moral ideals, such as the equality of “sexual minorities”. “Europe” – both EU institutions and member states – are forced for the sake of economic and political interests to turn a blind eye to departures from its values and ideals, and yield to force. The optimists are, however, convinced that the world will sooner or later choose a similar path to the EU. And although they still do not follow – in spite of the actions of the European Commission, in spite of successive resolutions taken by the European Parliament – hope hasn’t faded that it is only temporary resistance, a temporary deviation, regression, or that other parts of the world haven’t yet caught up with Europe.
Until recently, it was expected that Russia and China would soon both follow the course laid out by the EU. Meanwhile, in spite of those hopes, Russia has begun another war, this time one that cannot be ignored, because it is being waged close to the EU border and carried out on too great a scale, before the eyes of the world. Optimism regarding China has also turned out to be premature. For this reason, hope has somewhat faded. In spite of this, the conviction that the world will manifest the values which the EU enshrines has remained unshakeable. Challenges merely show that there is a need for “more Europe”, more joint activities. For that reason, too, the EU cannot tolerate dissent within its ranks. For that reason, tough measures must necessarily be taken against Poland and Hungary, which, owing to the politics and ideological direction the governments of the two countries have chosen, openly contradict that historiosophy. Thus, the EU – despite proclaiming freedom and tolerance as key values – cannot permit that in the public sphere and in particular in politics significant influence will be acquired by those who so reject this view of history and that anthropology.
According to the other diagnosis, it is quite the opposite. We live in an epoch of great risk and crisis, and even decline, collapse, decadence, the suicide of Europe. Such a thesis has been or is being proclaimed by, for example, Roger Scruton, Michel Onfray, Michel Houellebecq, David Engels, Bronisław Wildstein and Ryszard Legutko. These writers also have powerful empirical arguments regarding their thesis – the collapse of communities, the relativisation of norms – or simply nihilism, the breaking up of the family, the loss of national communities, the growing threat to freedom of speech and academic freedom, cancel culture, the brutalisation of language, aggression, hate campaigns, genetic engineering, the spread of perversion, the legalisation of abortion and euthanasia, child trafficking, etc.
How are these two utterly opposing diagnoses possible? Which of the two descriptions is true? Neither side is lacking in arguments. Is the optimistic assessment of the contemporary world utterly wrong? For if we don’t idealise the past, it’s easy to see plenty of positive sides of our times. Even in the reasonably peaceful period at the turn of the twentieth century, life was hard in a country as developed and wealthy as France. Contrary to the pessimists, one can put forward the argument that apocalyptic predictions are nothing new and they haven’t come true so far, in fact it’s the opposite: we live better and more easily than we used to.
Translated by David French
***
SE ALZA EL TELÓN
Una llamativa característica de nuestros tiempos es que nos encontramos con dos valoraciones totalmente opuestas de la situación espiritual de la Europa de nuestros días. Por un lado nos dicen que vivimos en una época indudablemente buena.
¡Bah! Es la mejor de la historia del continente hasta la fecha. Integrada gracias a la aparición y al continuo desarrollo de la Unión, Europa ha alcanzado la mejor forma de su existencia política. Lleva en sus estandartes los derechos humanos, la victoria sobre el nacionalismo, la paz, la libertad, la tolerancia, la cohesión económica de las regiones y el desarrollo económico. Y realiza estos objetivos con eficacia. Los estados europeos colaboran en lugar de luchar unos con otros. Su desarrollo económico es solidario. La unión es también, según pregona, pionera en la lucha por salvar el planeta del calentamiento del clima y su batalla contra la crueldad no sólo abarca a las personas sino también a todo ser vivo. La Unión Europea está dispuesta a llevar ayuda a los necesitados y también a definir cuáles han de ser los estándares globales. También enseña a mirar con ojos críticos al pasado. Nuevos grupos de “excluidos” y agraviados logran el reconocimiento social. Cambia incluso el lenguaje para no herir a quienes hasta ahora habían sido perseguidos, despreciados, condenados o maltratados. Esta “Europa” se ha convertido en un modelo civilizacional y moral para otras partes del mundo, cosa que atestiguan oleadas de inmigrantes. (…)
Según el segundo diagnóstico la situación es completamente distinta. Vivimos en una época en la que la supervivencia de Europa está amenazada, una era de crisis, e incluso de ruina, desunión y decadencia, un suicidio de Europa. Es la tesis que exponían o exponen Roger Scruton, Michel Onfray, Michel Huellebecq, David Engels, Bronisław Wildstein y Ryszard Legutko, entre otros. Dichos autores también tienen argumentos empíricos de peso que sostienen su opinión –la descomposición de las comunidades, la relativización de las normas o incluso el nihilismo, la desintegración de la familia, la pérdida de la nacionalidad, las crecientes amenazas a la libertad de expresión y la libertad académica, la cultura de la invalidación, el embrutecimiento del lenguaje, la agresividad, las campañas de odio, la ingeniería biológica, la propagación de la perversión, la legalización del aborto y la eutanasia, la compraventa de niños, etc.
¿Cómo pueden existir al mismo tiempo dos diagnósticos completamente opuestos? ¿Cuál de estas descripciones es la verdadera? (…)
¿Qué hacer entonces con estas dos valoraciones? Pues bien, podemos afirmar que se trata sólo de dos valoraciones distintas de los hechos que han sido realizadas desde dos sistemas de valores opuestos y que lo que para unos es progreso, para los otros es destrucción. A veces, en situaciones particulares, estas dos valoraciones convergen –así ocurrió durante la pandemia, cuando en las manifestaciones contra las vacunaciones se dieron la mano la extrema derecha y la extrema izquierda.
Pero la cuestión es mucho más compleja. ¿Y si fueran sólo dos caras de la misma moneda? ¿Y si justamente ese bien, ese imperativo de combatir todo mal que manifiestan los optimistas euroentusiastas, esa encarnación incondicional de los valores, que en principio aprueban también los eurorrealistas, conlleva la aparición de todos esos fenómenos de los que escriben los pesimistas? ¿Cómo es eso posible? (…)
Contrariamente a lo que muchos opinan, pienso que el estado actual de Europa, o más ampliamente, de Occidente, no ha sido causado por el nihilismo, el cinismo o la decadencia de la moralidad, sino por la hipermoralidad; no es una ruptura con el pasado de Europa, sino una transformación del cristianismo y de la cultura europea empapada por aquél.
Traduccion: Higinio J. Paterna Sánchez
Selected samples
She climbed her first peaks in a headscarf at a time when women in the mountains were treated by climbers as an additional backpack. It was with her that female alpinism began! She gained recognition in a spectacular way. The path was considered a crossing for madmen. Especially since the tragic accident in 1929, preserved … Continue reading “Halina”
First, Marysia, a student of an exclusive private school in Warsaw’s Mokotów district, dies under the wheels of a train. Her teacher, Elżbieta, tries to find out what really happened. She starts a private investigation only soon to perish herself. But her body disappears, and the only people who have seen anything are Gniewomir, a … Continue reading “Wound”
A young girl, Regina Wieczorek, was found dead on the beach. She was nineteen years old and had no enemies. Fortunately, the culprit was quickly found. At least, that’s what the militia think. Meanwhile, one day in November, Jan Kowalski appears at the police station. He claims to have killed not only Regina but also … Continue reading “Penance”
The year is 1922. A dangerous time of breakthrough. In the Eastern Borderlands of the Republic of Poland, Bolshevik gangs sow terror, leaving behind the corpses of men and disgraced women. A ruthless secret intelligence race takes place between the Lviv-Warsaw-Free City of Gdańsk line. Lviv investigator Edward Popielski, called Łysy (“Hairless”), receives an offer … Continue reading “A Girl with Four Fingers”
This question is closely related to the next one, namely: if any goal exists, does life lead us to that goal in an orderly manner? In other words, is everything that happens to us just a set of chaotic events that, combined together, do not form a whole? To understand how the concept of providence … Continue reading “Order and Love”
The work of Józef Łobodowski (1909-1988) – a remarkable poet, prose writer, and translator, who spent most of his life in exile – is slowly being revived in Poland. Łobodowski’s brilliant three- volume novel, composed on an epic scale, concerns the fate of families and orphans unmoored by the Bolshevik Revolution and civil war and … Continue reading “Ukrainian Trilogy: Thickets, The Settlement, The Way Back”