A world we don’t hear about – reportages from the lives of the hearing impaired
A world we don’t hear about – reportages from the lives of the hearing impaired
(For excerpt in Spanish, please, scroll down)
The Word
In the beginning was no word – that’s how the stories of deaf people begin.
The tree was tall and wide-spreading, as big and beautiful as trees are in fairy tales. From one branch there hung a house. The creator of the drawing was eight-year-old Wiktor.
“A tree house,” thought Maria, a form tutor at a school for deaf children. It was only after she’d meditated on the drawing for a while that she noticed the line. So, the house isn’t alive? It hovers above the ground. It exists, it seems, but you can’t live in it. The roof is sharply angular. There are windows, through which no one looks. Dirty-grey walls. Her eye rested on the place where the floor and foundation ought to be. But here the drawing of the house was cut off.
1.
Half a year previously, she was standing in front of the door to the boys’ bedroom. On the other side she saw seven fold-out beds, and next to each a night table with a drawer, and seven capacious chests. She glanced inside. Wiktor was sitting on his chest, deep in concentration, guarding his things.
He was new here. Here, that is, in the school for the deaf. It was a boarding school, at which the children lived from Sunday evening until Friday afternoon. The nearby orphanage was also new – and it was there to which he would return on the weekends, and on holidays and vacations.
The first time they met, Maria and Wiktor only had gestures at their disposal, for the boy knew no language.
A few days earlier, an acquaintance who worked at the orphanage had rung up Maria. The woman knew Wiktor’s story, but only in scraps: dates, addresses, names – just as much as one finds recorded in documents.
He was born deaf. Supposedly, his father hightailed it early on. His mother died when he was five. Since then, an uncle had been taking care of him.
Everyone – Wiktor’s uncle and grandma, and the children in the neighbourhood – could hear and speak. So the boy had no contact with any of them.
For the last eight years, he had been among people united by something he didn’t understand. He watched their mouths open and close, and change shape; he suspected that these movements meant something. Something obvious to everyone except him. Something that allowed everyone around him to be in on some mystery.
Two years later, his uncle packed the child’s suitcase for the first time and drove him off to the boarding school for the deaf.
There, the boy met other deaf children. Some of them had deaf parents and knew sign language. A few days later, Maria realised that Wiktor had learnt a few words in that tongue. Among them was “mama”. He knew how to form it into a question: “Mama?”; how to express sadness “Mama…”, anger: “Mama!”, and even yearning: “Mama, Mama, Mama”.
Hands using sign language can whisper, too. They make discrete motions, imperceptible ones – limited movements. The deaf say that they gesture “low” so others won’t be able to overhear their hands.
2.
Upon returning home, Maria tensed her imagination. She thought over the last weeks in Wiktor’s life. Since he couldn’t communicate with anyone, and merely observed what was going on around him – how much of it did he understand?
Again someone was packing his things. Perhaps the boy thought that, as always, on Sunday evening, he’d be returning to the boarding school from his uncle’s house. But he had to notice that there were more bags, and that all his clothes and toys had vanished from his shelves.
Two women – strangers – had come for him. Did Wiktor wonder where they were taking him? And why the trip took so long? He couldn’t read a watch, but four hours was much longer than it took to get from his uncle’s to the boarding school.
They stopped in front of the orphanage. Maybe the boy tried to suss out who the men were, who were speaking with the women at the car. Why did they take all his things out of the boot and then drive off?
The first night. Did he sleep? Then, more nights. He didn’t know how to count like other children his age, but certainly he realised that he’d spent more than one night in that new place.
He also couldn’t hear his uncle say to the strange women: “Wiktor has become aggressive.” Or how he explained, later, that he couldn’t handle the boy any more.
3.
The school psychologist set Wiktor’s drawing deep in a desk drawer. And Maria did, deeper still: in her memory.
“It was a strange sort of impulse,” she says. During a group outing in the mountains, she bought Wiktor a present – a little wooden cross. “We’ll hang it in your room,” she thought. Maybe she already knew then that she would adopt the boy.
She goes silent, deep in thought. “What goes on with a child who’s experienced so much, but hasn’t a single word to describe it all? And who has no one to speak with about it, anyway?”
When they began to live together, Maria once drew Wiktor’s genealogical tree. She spelt the names of all his family members in sign language, letter by letter. Before, he knew only faces, not names – he didn’t know his mother’s name or that of his grandmother.
They walked around the house together. The boy pointed to the ceiling, floor and window. They would sign, and Maria taught him word by word, words he repeated, learning them for the first time.
“He often asked whether a certain person was good or bad. I told him that those are questions for which each of us has to find his own answer,” she says. “We had a few hamsters. Wiktor loved them very much. They had a litter, so we decided to give them to a pet store. While we were standing there with the salesman, Wiktor suddenly grabbed me by the hand and began to sign: ‘If this gentleman sees that a bad person’s come to buy one of our hamsters, tell him that he can’t. He can only give them to good people’.”
4.
Wiktor couldn’t learn Polish from his mother, because he couldn’t hear her. Or Polish sign language, because none of his family signed.
Such children are known as alingual children.
Translated by Charles S. Kraszewski
***
EL MUNDO DEL SILENCIO
PALABRAS
Al principio no hubo palabras: así comienzan las historias de los sordos
El árbol era alto, exuberante; grande y bello, como en los cuentos. De una de las ramas pendía una casa. El autor del dibujo, Wiktor, tenía ocho años.
“Es una casita en el árbol” —pensó María, educadora en la escuela para niños sordos. Sólo pasado un momento se dio cuenta de que había una cuerda. ¿La casa no está viva? Se eleva por encima del suelo. Parece que existe, pero no se puede vivir en ella. Su tejado es a dos aguas. Nadie asoma por las ventanas. Sus muros son de color gris-pardo. La mirada de María se detuvo en el punto donde deberían estar el suelo y los fundamentos. Justo allí el dibujo de la casita se interrumpía.
1.
Medio año antes se encontraba delante de la puerta del dormitorio de los chicos. Sabía lo que encontraría del otro lado: siete camitas, una mesilla de noche con cajón junto a cada una de ellas y siete espaciosos armarios. Miró dentro. Wiktor estaba sentado sobre su mesilla, ensimismado, concentrado en vigilar sus pertenencias.
Era nuevo aquí. Aquí, es decir en la escuela con internado para sordos donde los niños vivían desde los domingos por la noche hasta los viernes por la tarde. También era nuevo en el orfanato cercano, lugar al que iba a volver a partir de ahora los fines de semana, festivos y vacaciones.
Durante su primer encuentro María y Wiktor solo tenían a su disposición la mímica para comunicarse pues el muchacho no conocía ninguna lengua.
Unos días antes llamó una conocida de María que trabajaba en el orfanato. La mujer había sabido la historia de Wiktor, aunque incompleta y recortada: fechas, direcciones y nombres, únicamente lo que registran los documentos.
Wiktor nació sordo. Al parecer el padre pronto abandonó a la familia. La madre murió cuando el niño tenía cinco años. Un tío se ocupó de él.
Todos oían y hablaban: la mamá de Wiktor, el tío y la abuela, los conocidos y también los niños del patio; de modo que el muchacho no tenía ninguna clase de contacto verbal con ellos.
Durante los últimos ocho años estuvo entre gente que tenía algo que él no comprendía. Miraba sus labios, que se abrían, se cerraban, cambiaban de forma. Sospechaba que estos movimientos significaban algo que era evidente para ellos, no para él. Todos alrededor tenían un secreto.
Pasados dos años el tío hizo la maleta de Wiktor por primera vez y lo llevó al internado para sordos.
Allí el muchacho conoció a otros niños sordos. Algunos tenían padres sordos y sabían el lenguaje de signos. Pasados unos días María se dio cuenta de que Wiktor conocía algunas palabras en signos. También la palabra “mamá”. Sabía utilizarla para hacer preguntas: “¿Mamá?”, para expresar la tristeza: “Mamá…”, para la rabia: “¡Mamá!, e para manifestar nostalgia: “Mamá, mamá, mamá”.
Las manos pueden susurrar. Se mueven discretamente, imperceptiblemente, los movimientos son reducidos. Los sordos dicen que esto es interpretar desde más abajo, para que los demás no puedan ver las manos.
2.
Al volver a casa, María forcejeaba con la imaginación. Pensaba en las últimas semanas en la vida de Wiktor. Si no era capaz de comunicarse con nadie y solo observaba lo que ocurría alrededor, ¿cuánto llegaba a comprender?
Una vez más recogieron sus cosas. Posiblemente el muchacho pensó que, como siempre los domingos por la tarde, volvería al internado para sordos desde la casa de su tío. Sin embargo, también tuvo que reparar en que había más bolsas, y toda su ropa y juguetes habían desaparecido de los estantes.
Dos mujeres que no conocía vinieron a buscarlo. ¿Se estaría preguntando dónde le llevaban? ¿Y por qué el viaje duró tanto tiempo? No sabía leer el reloj, pero cuatro horas de viaje era mucho más que lo que se tardaba en llegar al internado.
Se bajaron del coche delante del orfanato. Quizá el muchacho intentaba averiguar quiénes eran los hombres que estaban conversando con las mujeres del coche? ¿Por qué sacaron todas sus cosas del maletero y las mujeres se fueron?
La primera noche. ¿ Pudo dormirse? Después otra noche, y una más. Y otra. No sabía contar como lo hacían otros niños de su edad, pero seguramente se dio cuenta de que en el nuevo lugar durmió más noches seguidas que en el internado.
Tampoco pudo oír lo que su tío les dijo a las mujeres: “Wiktor se ha vuelto agresivo”. Ni tampoco lo que añadió a continuación: que ya no podía con él.
3.
La psicóloga escolar guardó el dibujo de Wiktor en el fondo del cajón. María, en el fondo de su memoria.
—Fue una especie de extraño impulso —dice. —Durante la excursión del grupo a la montaña una tendera le regaló a Wiktor una cruz de madera. “La colgaremos en tu cuarto” —pensé. Puede ser que ya entonces supiera que adoptaría a Wiktor.
Se calla pensativa.
—¿Qué ocurre con un niño que vivió tantas experiencias y no tiene palabras para expresarlo? ¿Y que no tiene a nadie con quien hablar de ello?
Cuando empezaron a vivir juntos en la misma casa María dibujó el árbol genealógico de Wiktor. Sus manos expresaban con gestos cada nombre de sus familiares, letra tras letra. Él solo conocía los rostros, no sabía cómo se llamaban su mamá, su papá o su abuela.
Caminaban por la casa, el dedo del niño indicaba el techo, el suelo, las ventanas. Se detenían, María representaba palabra tras palabra, él las repetía, aprendiéndolas por primera vez.
A menudo preguntaba si una persona era buena o mala. Yo le decía que son preguntas a las que nosotros tendremos que buscar respuesta. Teníamos una pareja de hamsters, Wiktor los quería mucho. Aparecieron las crías y decidimos llevarlas a la tienda de animales. Estábamos hablando con el vendedor cuando de pronto el niño me agarró de la manga y empezó a gesticular: “Dile al señor que si ve que la persona que viene a buscar a los pequeños es mala, que no se los venda. Solo puede dárselos a la gente buena”.
4.
Wiktor no pudo aprender el polaco de su madre porque no la oía. Ni tampoco el lenguaje de signos porque ninguno de sus allegados lo conocía.
A los niños como él se les llama privados del lenguaje.
Traducción: Elżbieta Bortkiewicz
Selected samples
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A young girl, Regina Wieczorek, was found dead on the beach. She was nineteen years old and had no enemies. Fortunately, the culprit was quickly found. At least, that’s what the militia think. Meanwhile, one day in November, Jan Kowalski appears at the police station. He claims to have killed not only Regina but also … Continue reading “Penance”
The year is 1922. A dangerous time of breakthrough. In the Eastern Borderlands of the Republic of Poland, Bolshevik gangs sow terror, leaving behind the corpses of men and disgraced women. A ruthless secret intelligence race takes place between the Lviv-Warsaw-Free City of Gdańsk line. Lviv investigator Edward Popielski, called Łysy (“Hairless”), receives an offer … Continue reading “A Girl with Four Fingers”
This question is closely related to the next one, namely: if any goal exists, does life lead us to that goal in an orderly manner? In other words, is everything that happens to us just a set of chaotic events that, combined together, do not form a whole? To understand how the concept of providence … Continue reading “Order and Love”
The work of Józef Łobodowski (1909-1988) – a remarkable poet, prose writer, and translator, who spent most of his life in exile – is slowly being revived in Poland. Łobodowski’s brilliant three- volume novel, composed on an epic scale, concerns the fate of families and orphans unmoored by the Bolshevik Revolution and civil war and … Continue reading “Ukrainian Trilogy: Thickets, The Settlement, The Way Back”